English grammar

Когда

• Регулярные действия. I go to work every day at 8 a.m.
• Факты. Penguins don't fly.
• Расписания. The bus leaves the station at 5 p.m.

Маркеры: наречия частоты

State vs action

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Происходит сейчас. I'm teaching. He is learning.
• Меняющиеся, развивающиеся ситуации. Tourism is playing a crucial role in the development of Uzbekistan.
• Раздражающие привычки с always. My friend is always cancelling our plans at the last minute.
• Договорённости на будущее. I'm meeting him tomorrow. подробнее

Частые ошибки

Когда

• Результат в настоящем. I have bought tickets → можем идти в кино. She has already had dinner → она сыта.
• Опыт, время не указано. Have you ever eaten octopus?
• It's the first / third time + Present Perfect. It's the first time I have eaten octopus.
• Глаголы состояния + for / since (вместо Continuous). I've known him since 2020. She has had this car for 5 years.

Маркеры

been to vs gone to

Частые ошибки

Когда

• Началось в прошлом и продолжается. I have been learning English for 4 months.
• Только что закончилось, виден результат. We're learning PPC because we have been learning Present Perfect Simple. I'm tired — I've been running.

for vs since

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Одно законченное действие. She completed her assignment on time.
• Факты о прошлом. The Statue of Liberty was delivered to New York from France.
• Цепочка событий в истории. He finished school, entered university and got a master's degree.

Частые ошибки

Когда

• Действие шло в конкретный момент. At two o'clock I was heading to work.
• Раздражающие привычки, обычно с always. My brother was always arguing with me.
• Фон в истории. He was washing his car; his father was making plov. Then the family went to a restaurant.
• Два процесса одновременно (while). My dad was watching TV while my mother was cleaning the kitchen.
• Процесс, который прервали (when + Past Simple). He was washing his car when it started to rain.

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Действие закончилось до другого момента в прошлом. I had finished school before I entered university.
• Два действия друг за другом, первое — раньше. I had already had my breakfast when my mother came.
• Причина в прошлом. They didn't have a break because they had already rested for 3 hours.

By the time I arrived home, my mom had already prepared dinner for both of us.

• It was the first time I had tried Turkish food.
• It was the third time I had played pool with my friends.

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Действие длилось какое-то время до другого прошлого действия. I had been learning English for a year before I took the IELTS exam.
• Длительное действие стало причиной. My mom punished my brother because he had been skipping classes for a while.

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Факты и прогнозы о будущем. Cars will fly in the coming years.
• Решение в момент речи. Will you watch Harry Potter with us tonight? — Yes, I will.
• Предложения, обещания. I'll clean the house if you promise to make the presentation.
• Просьбы. Will you make the presentation?

• Shall we watch the new Avengers movie on Sunday?
• Shall I make you a sandwich?

Частые ошибки

Когда

• Планы, решённые заранее. I'm going to watch the full first season of Dexter on Sunday. He is going to rest in silence next week.
• Прогноз по видимым признакам. Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.

will vs going to

Частые ошибки

Звучит естественнее

Слева не ошибка, но носители в таких случаях обычно говорят как справа.

Из упражнений

• We'll have something to eat when we get home.
• I'll tell you your results as soon as I finish marking the exams.
• Remember to wear sunscreen while you travel across the Sahara next week.
• They won't release the DVD before they show Titan at the cinema.
• Let's have supper after we watch the space documentary.
• I won't give you a test until you do some revision.
• Let's make a decision once we get more information.

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Действие будет в процессе в конкретный момент будущего. This time next year, I will be lying on the beach and enjoying the view.
• Действие всё ещё будет идти. I will still be working as a teacher in 2027.
• Вежливый вопрос о планах. Will you be using the car tonight?

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Действие будет завершено к моменту в будущем. By the time the deadline comes, I will have submitted my assignments.
• She will have entered university by 2027.

Частые ошибки

Маркеры

Когда

• Действие будет продолжаться до момента в будущем, и важно, сколько оно уже длится. At 1 p.m. we will have been hiking in the mountains for 2 hours.
• He will have been taking his exam for 2 hours, as he started at 9:00.

Частые ошибки

• I used to swim three times a week.
• My parents didn't use to let me stay out late.
• Did you use to have extra activities besides school?

• My uncle would bring new gifts every Christmas.
• When he was a teacher, my dad would get home quite late.
• Fifty years ago, people would walk more than they do now.

Частые ошибки

• When I first came to Britain I didn't know they drive on the left, but now I'm used to it.
• They didn't use to work in a team, but now they're getting used to it.
• Could you get used to living without your phone?

Частые ошибки

Когда ставим the

• Конкретный предмет, понятно, о чём речь. While we were playing on the PS5, nobody passed the controllers.
• Класс в целом через единственное число (книжный стиль). The car has changed people's lives.
• Единственное в своём роде. the sky, the sun, the moon, the Earth, the World Cup
• Второе упоминание. I bought a book. The book is great.

Частые ошибки

Когда a / an

• Один из многих, впервые упоминаем. I bought a book.
• Профессия, кто кто-то. I am a student. She is an engineer.
• «Один / в». three times a week, once an hour

Частые ошибки

V2 нужен для Past Simple, V3 — для всех Perfect-времён и пассива. Тренировать: карточки в тренажёре.

Двойное значение